Hypothyroidism is a common thyroid disorder in India, with a prevalence of around 11%. This means that approximately one in ten adults in India may be affected by hypothyroidism. The prevalence is higher in women and older adults, A significant portion of the population may also have subclinical hypothyroidism, where thyroid hormone levels are not severely low, but still affect thyroid function. These persons are kept under follow up only and don’t need hormone replacement.
Common Symptoms of Hypothyroidism:
1. Fatigue or feeling tired and lacking energy is a very common symptom.
2. Unexplained weight gain despite diet and exercise can occur
3. Feeling colder than usual or having difficulty tolerating cold temperatures.
4. Dry, brittle skin and hair , including hair loss or thinning.
5. Changes in bowel habits, including constipation
6. Menstrual Changes include heavy or irregular periods in women.
7. Pain , stiffness , and swelling in muscles and joints.
8. Cognitive issues- Problems with concentration, memory, and thinking.
9. Symptoms of depression , including sadness, loss of interest, and fatigue.
10. Hoarse Voice : Changes in voice quality, including hoarseness.
11. Slowed Heart Rate : A slower than normal pulse
Hypothyroidism characterised by low thyroid hormone levels can lead to slower metabolic rate leading onto weight gain even if the calorie load is the same. On the other hand, obesity itself is associated with increased risk of subclinical hypothyroidism. In fact both the problems share common risk factors like sedentary life style, poor diet control and genetic predisposition. Hence addressing obesity through strict life style measures which include balanced diet and regular exercises can improve thyroid function. Similarly treating hypothyroidism with appropriate medication can help in managing weight gain. So a comprehensive approach is required if you have thyroid problem and obesity.
Dr.Deepa G, MHSc (Diab), Dip (Diab)